Notre Dame University Football Dynasty Essay -- essays research papers

Awakening the Echoes All through College Football's broad multi year history, there has been banter over which football crew is the best administration. Numerous lines all through the country can be named 'the best'. In any case, the University of Notre Dame is verifiably the best by and large College Football line, when one thinks about measurements as well as convention, heart, and devotion. Notre Dame?s outstanding administration has many ascribing factors since its commencement. These components territory from the best mentors and players to the infectious Irish soul. Regardless of what ethnic foundation a Notre Dame man originates from, the moment he ventures out onto 'Rockne's house'(Notre Dame Stadium), he naturally gets one of the Fighting Irish. It is a telling demonstration that all through Notre Dame's history, and progressively lately, numerous players, mentors, and fans have made the college their home simply in view of their inclination to be amidst a network of realizing where conviction i sn't just endured, yet in actuality is praised. Notre Dame?s football history has not exclusively been amazing yet noteworthy. From their remarkable corridor of popularity mentors to their memorable contentions, not one individual can overlook the Fighting Irish. During this Irish History, their line couldn't have been ?Rock?- strong (alluding to Knute Rockne who assembled Notre Dame Stadium) without remarkable mentors. With thirteen national titles, Notre Dame has more football titles than some other college or school ever. The thirty momentous mentors incorporate the best in Notre Dame?s history: Knute Rockne, Frank Leahy, Ara Parseghian, and Lou Holtz. The program has the most noteworthy all out winning rate, higher tha... ...s go back and forth, football?s most noteworthy players and mentors yield their places ever, Nevertheless, the years neglect to diminish the ?wonder days? won by the Irish. The University of Notre Dame has substantiated itself as the best in general tradition by its capacity to continue on and get ready to skip back under tension. The momentous history of the Fighting Irish will consistently be prized by their fans and shows the legacy of the Irish soul. Notre Dame?s youthful group for the up and coming season (2008) may need understanding yet additionally has increasingly potential for development, adaptability and size. In view of current measurements and realities, Notre Dame is demonstrating its capacity to return and accomplish enormity by and by. Regardless of what the scores or numbers show or ?whether the chances be extraordinary or little, Notre Dame will win generally? for whatever length of time that the soul of commitment and steadiness keeps on flourishing.

Debate over globalisation Essay Example for Free

Discussion over globalization Essay At present in worldwide circles there is an extraordinary discussion over globalization and whether it is a power for positive or negative. The announcement distorts the issue, obviously. Be that as it may, the issue of globalization and our aggregate reaction to it vows to characterize who succeeds and who doesn't well into the 21st century. Globalization has positive and negative angles. On its positive viewpoints comes the gigantic improvement of new data and correspondence innovation, triggers in monetary development through expanded exchange and employment creation around the globe. This efficient development can be delineated by the way that the world genuine GDP developed from US$2 trillion to US$28 trillion, which implies an expansion of 1400%. On a for each capita premise, this implies an expansion of US$614 to US$4908, an increment of about 800%. The personal satisfaction in created nations has expanded However, hostile to globalization supporters assert that despite the fact that there was an efficient development, this was not all around disseminated all through society, and that in the course of recent years, the rich nations are creating at a quicker rate than the poor nations, expanding the contrast between them. This happens in light of the fact that managing globalization in an entrepreneur society, there will consistently be champs and washouts. The victors will be the countries which have more aptitude, innovation, data, influence and cash, while the washouts will be the poor nations, which send out basically products and depend on the rich nations to get innovation and made merchandise. As a term, globalization implies various things to various individuals. To a few, it is an absolutely financial pattern, the aftereffect of the market framework released on an overall scale, a century-long procedure that has now been endlessly quickened by the fall of Communism and the unwinding of other prohibitive monetary practices. As has the effect and development of globalization changed, so has its importance during the most recent decades. In any case, what is sure is that globalization isn't something of today or yesterday. Among the such huge numbers of given definitions, Martin Wolf characterizes globalization as a â€Å"journey, however toward an inaccessible goal, the globalized world. A globalized economy wherein, neither sep aration nor national fringes hinder monetary exchanges. An existence where the expense of transport and correspondence were zero and the boundaries made by varying national locales had vanished†. (Wolf, 2001: 178). Be that as it may, globalization is a wide thought, which grasps the social, social, and political interdependency of states. Globalization alludes additionally to the mix and connection between various individuals and countries. Accept the European Union for instance, where the part states share the equivalent vote based qualities and standards, or the intermingling and likenesses of the constitutions of the part states, which could prompt an European law or constitution. To other people, it characterizes the regularly augmenting procedure of universal trade and interconnection that can be seen in such a significant number of parts of life, regardless of whether the easygoing perception that top melodic specialists draw progressively on different societies for their songs and rhythms, the news that previous foes are pres ently partaking in joint peacekeeping missions, or the acknowledgment that there are unexpectedly a lot increasingly remote faces and accents in your old neighborhood than previously. Regardless of what the definition, globalization is dynamic and genuine, causing various and frequently extreme changes in everything except the most remote spots. Contingent upon your perspective, condition and prospects, the procedure can be viewed as colossally positive or terribly negative. The individuals who guard globalization state it is carrying flourishing to untold millions around the globe, separating national and social hindrances, and assisting with speeding the general procedure of harmony building. Pundits state that the turbulent way wherein showcase powers have scaled up to the worldwide level has released a damaging tornado that treats laborers unfeelingly, serves time and again to additionally devastate the poor to the detriment of the rich, and unleashes huge measures of ecological obliteration. They state that its symptoms are similarly horrendous, running from the spread of AIDS and medication maltreatment to the production of a world monoculture that decimates nearby conventions and suppresses assorted variety. At the 1995 World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen, countries of the world observed this dualism: Globalization, which is an outcome of expanded human versatility, upgraded correspondences, incredibly expanded exchange and capital streams, and mechanical turns of events, opens new open doors for continued monetary development and improvement of the world economy, especially in creating nations. Globalization additionally allows nations to share encounters and to gain from one anothers accomplishments and challenges, and advances a cross-treatment of beliefs, social qualities and desires. Simultaneously, the quick procedures of progress and change have been joined by escalated neediness, joblessness and social crumbling. Dangers to human prosperity, for example, natural dangers, have additionally been globalized. In light of the fact that the torment brought about by certain parts of globalization is unquestionable, the main problem is whether the negative impacts of its broad procedures can be improved and the beneficial outcomes upgraded. Since in the assessments of a few, the forward walk of globalization is relentless. The idea of sway alludes to the three-crease limit of a state, which is the â€Å"absolute matchless quality over inside issues inside its domain, supreme option to administer its kin, and opportunity from any outer obstruction in the above matters† (Wang, 2004: 473). So a state is sovereign on the off chance that it can make and execute laws inside its domain, and can work with no outer force and help, and doesn’t recognizes any more significant position authority above itself in the realm of autonomous states. From the above definition one can make the inference tha t either a state can be sovereign or not, since power is characterized as the total matchless quality and right of the legislature in a given state. A pragmatist like Steven D.Krasner concurs on the falling self-rule of states yet prevent the effect from claiming globalization on country state, which might prompt the demise of state power. He contends, â€Å"Those who broadcast the passing of power misread the history. The country state has a sharp sense for endurance and has so far adjusted to new difficulties, even the test of globalization† (Krasner, 2001: 20). He likewise contends that globalization is certifiably not another test or wonders. Seen from a criminological point, â€Å"the saw ordinariness of horror rates, along with thee broadly recognized confinements of criminal equity offices, have started to disintegrate one of the primary legends of present day social orders: in particular, the fantasy that the sovereign state is fit for giving security, peace, wrongdoing control inside its regional boundaries† (Garland, 1996: 448). The thought of real sorted out brutality restraining infrastructure, which is critical for the inside request just as for the outside responsibility of a state, is tested by the worldwide culpability. Since states can't give security to their residents and are not fit fo r ensuring inside request, one of the essential components of state power is sabotaged and addressed. The negative impacts of globalization can be relaxed distinctly through new and more significant levels of worldwide participation and interview, separated through another arrangement of virtues that puts human government assistance and social equity in front of the transcendently materialistic worldview as of now stylish. Call this worldwide administration. Call it world government. Be that as it may, one way or the other, the powers of globalization will require the formation of a worldwide super position, one that can guarantee that human rights and laborers privileges are maintained, and that nature is ensured, as globalization continues. Another factor that is watched is that the quantity of destitute (individuals living with under US$1 every day) has expanded, and arrived at practically 1.2 billion individuals, which is right around one fifth of the world’s complete populace. This is halfway brought about by the expansion in worldwide populace, yet additionally because o f the circulation of the cash. The proportion of salary between the universes 20% most extravagant and 20% least fortunate has expanded from 30:1 to 78:1. Numerous individuals likewise question the issue of globalization making more employments when multinationals build up new industrial facilities in remote nations. Their contention is that albeit more occupations are made, and this decreases the joblessness, these employments don’t require any expertise and laborers have extremely awful working conditions, working extended periods of time and getting minimal expenditure. Furthermore, as the laborers have no other working choices, and working in these processing plants is their solitary wellspring of salary, they can’t do whatever else, however work to attempt to endure. Other than this, the joblessness levels are extremely high, which implies that there is consistently somebody accessible to substitute laborers that aren’t content with what they are being advertised. These realities make us think in a method of making globalization more attractive, and giving creating nations the possibility of profiting more from it. With the goal that this can occur, there are numerous things that should be changed. As a matter of first importance the improvement should be increasingly centered around the individuals, and not just in money related reasons. More attractive standards and more profound associations ought to be done among created and creating nations so they can have a commonly gainful relationship. Additionally one of the most significant things to guarantee that countries can profit the most from globalization is that an amazing, majority rule and increasingly successful UN assists with controlling the s

Models Of Forensic Psychology Case Study Social Work Essay

Models Of Forensic Psychology Case Study Social Work Essay Andrew is fifteen. He has been blamed for explicitly attacking his more youthful sister and might be accused of this sooner rather than later. A portion of his family have a past filled with mental turmoil and he has a background marked by learning and conduct troubles, because of which he has been going to a private unique school. He doesn't recognize the allegations against him and is hesitant to examine them. Data FROM INTERVIEW Andrew presents as a tall, thin assembled youth who is eagerly restless, turning away for a large portion of the meeting, and over and again yawning in a misrepresented way to show how little he needs to be engaged with the conversation. In spite of this he is basically respectful in way and answers all inquiries, in any event in some measure. His obvious degree of knowledge places him in the mellow scope of hindrance, and he is additionally touchy to anything that he thinks puts him off guard or makes him look thick. He has some social aptitudes, despite the fact that these are not constantly utilized and here and there he shows up socially disinhibited. He has a sensible jargon and forces of discourse. There are no social stereotypies (dreary clearly purposeless developments) and no perseverative conduct (duration of practices after their unique reason has been served). In any case, his forces of fixation are constrained and he is effectively occupied from conversation. His consideration is centered around his apparent probability that he will naturally go to jail, whether or not he is charged or not. He trusts that a blend of his clinical history and refusal of the charges will be sufficient to get him through any lawful procedures. Andrew says he hasnt been accused of anything since I aint done nowt. In any case he can say that rape implies attempting to cause someone to accomplish something have intercourse, how to make babies and that entrance implies putting a finger up somebody up (the) clitoris of ladies. He has just been formally approached on one event about for whats going on now fundamentally yet can portray no subtleties and says that he aint disturbed on the grounds that I havent done it. CURRENT CIRCUMSTANCES Andrew has his own room at his uncommon school and has made a couple of companions. The movement that he appreciates most, and gets most from, is examining engine vehicles and he has built up an aspiration to turn into a specialist. He returns home for certain ends of the week and for occasion periods. At present he believes he hasnt found some kind of purpose for existing any longer. This is both due to the conceivable pending charges and in light of the fact that he feels individuals are dropping dead around me. A dear companion (female) of his passed on as of late, and his life has not felt the equivalent since his dad kicked the bucket surprisingly the day preceding his birthday four back, and his fatherly grandma kicked the bucket about a year a while later. He might want to turn into an engine technician, yet thinks this won't be conceivable, except if he can get preparing in jail, due to his conceivable legal dispute. Individual AND FAMILY HISTORY He is the most youthful individual from his family, in spite of the fact that his own rundown of his kin and half-kin is marginally unique to that gave by his family. His dad kicked the bucket from a coronary failure and his mom has a great deal of issues with her wellbeing. He was rejected from his first school for tossing a block at an educator or something to that effect they were doing my head in constantly. Clinical HISTORY He has been analyzed as having ADHD (Attention deficiency hyperactivity issue), and says this is the reason he is at all inclusive school. He says that he used to get all frantic and loathe individuals and take it out on them yet this has improved all the more as of late. Two years prior he attempted to drape himself with two belts since he just felt like it I couldnt be tried living any longer I did it for no particular reason I thought it was amusing. He likewise attempted to slit his wrist, and still has a swoon scar from this. He keeps on having occasional contemplations about a snappy unexpected passing as a method of not enduring living any longer. In spite of the fact that these musings mirror a discouraged perspective on life there is no sign that he as of now has a burdensome ailment. He has recently taken the antihyperactivity tranquilize Ritalin, yet has now suspended this and depicts it as doing my head in. SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT HISTORY He originally turned out to be explicitly mindful at an exceptionally youthful age, because of being given data either by one of his sisters or a companion. His dad advised him not to engage in sexual relations until he was more established in order to abstain from having kids. His most grounded sexual experience so far has been with a sweetheart who he portrayed as the most pleasant individual you could meet despite the fact that my sister considered her a smackhead'. He denies the claims about his sister and depicts them as all falsehoods. Questions What recognizable dangers, giving your reasons, does Andrew present a) temporarily and b) in the more drawn out term? Rank them once in their request for assurance, and again in their request for significance. Build a meeting technique to assist exploring with policing officials further inquiry Andrew about the charges in regards to his sister, clarifying your basis. Contextual analysis 2 Mr D Case Study Peruse the accompanying contextual analysis cautiously. Utilizing your insight into hazard appraisal, mental clutters and culpable conduct and meeting and treatment techniques answer the accompanying inquiries: Depict the type(s) of mental issue Mr D might be experiencing Consider whether those clutters are probably going to add to the hazard he stances of future viciousness Distinguish those dangers that Mr D postures to himself as well as other people Consider whether you would release Mr D from clinic as of now and give your reasons why (Point 5 is discretionary) Highlight what challenges Mr D may present in treatment and how you may conquer them. Foundation Youth Mr D was destined to a multi year old mother and imagined following a single night rendezvous. Mr D reviewed a disrupted adolescence because of his mom giving over his consideration to her folks. Mr D portrayed how he loved living with his grandparents, anyway he likewise depicted how his granddad every now and again utilized liquor and his grandma was exacting and didn't permit him to associate with other youngsters. Conduct issues were noted from the age of 4. All through this timespan Mr D started having extreme fits of rage which included hitting and kicking and Mr D was alluded to the Childrens Hospital at 8 years old. This followed a serious assault exacted against his granddad including a blade. All through the meeting procedure Mr D stayed shut about his relationship with his granddad. Later reports show he was explicitly mishandled by his granddad however Mr D won't examine this subject. Mr D was taken into care at 8 years old, where again he revealed an agitated timeframe described by segregation and tormenting. Mr D had the option to live with a non-permanent family whom he portrayed as strong for the following two years and it is of note that there were no social troubles noted for Mr D inside this timespan. Mr D seemed to settled with this family and their two children, which permitted him to shape secure connections with this family. Tragically the family expected to emigrate to South Africa, and in spite of the fact that he was approached to go with them, Mr D decided to stay near his grandparents. Mr D went through the following five years in Childrens homes, scattered by encourage situations which separated. Mr D came back to live with his grandparents following this period. Past reports show clashing perspectives about this timespan, some demonstrating that Mr D had progressively positive associations with his grandparents and mom as of now, however with others featuring that his grandparents didn't generally address him. Training and business Mr D went to roughly five distinct schools as he was moved because of his everyday environment evolving. Mr D reviewed a disrupted timeframe at school as he was tormented. He additionally depicted himself as hyper, I would shout and yell a great deal and discovered exercises exhausting. Records show that Mr D started denying school at 4 years old and has a huge history of truancy all through his instruction. Mr D left school without any capabilities however school reports portray him as extraordinarily splendid. Mr D has never been in formal business. In the wake of leaving school he was jobless for a long time as he revealed he was unable to get a new line of work that intrigued him and he was experiencing issues with his psychological well-being. Following this, Mr D has been confined because of the conviction for his list offense. Substance and liquor abuse Mr D reports a considerable history of cannabis use and a background marked by hitting the bottle hard. Mental History Mr D previously came into contact with emotional well-being administrations at 8 years old when he was admitted to the Childrens Hospital for about a month and a half after a vicious assault on his granddad. An ECG and neurological assessment at the time were seen as ordinary, anyway Mr Ds mother reviewed a dark fix being found. Following this Mr D was alluded to an Adolescent Unit at 14 years old because of conduct issues, for example, declining to go to class and standing exposed in the window. Soon thereafter, Mr D was admitted to the emergency clinic and was depicted by the specialist as a detached and pulled back individual, having no fearlessness who reacted with forceful upheavals when baffled. Mr D self-hurt by cutting his arms with a bit of glass. In the wake of being indicted for two episodes of disgusting introduction at 17 years old, Mr D got outpatient treatment at first, however following another charge for obscene presentation Mr D was conceded as an inpatient. Now he was looking at harming individuals before they got the opportunity to harm him. On the ninth April 1987 Mr D was again accused of disgusting presentation and was remanded under segment 35 of the Mental Health Act (1983). During his appraisal there, it was noticed that he

How to write a paper

How to write a paper Figuring out how to write a paper? Â  Students are routinely tasked with writing papers of all types, including research papers, term papers, and essays, but the basic format for each type of paper and the writing process are essentially the same. Â  First, students should review the assignment guidelines to ensure they fully understand what is required. The second step requires drafting a thesis statement and an outline of the paper. The outline should follow a logical sequence from broad generalizations to specific facts about the issue or topic of interest. Next, unless it is strictly a personal opinion paper, writing any type of paper usually requires outside research. Students should rely on solid sources for their references such as peer-reviewed journal articles and scholarly texts (available from Google Scholar, EBSCOHost and Questia), as well as reputable Web sites (no blogs or Wikipedia). Information from outside sources should be integrated into the paper where appropria te and each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence and end with a transition to the next. Finally, when all of the research dust has settled, students should review what they have written and then complete their conclusion, being sure not to introduce any new information.

Benefits Of Playing A Musical Instrument - 1111 Words

In third grade I was introduced to an orchestra program at my school district. This program was designed for students who have no experience with the violin, viola, cello, and bass. Although I already played the piano since age five, I thought learning the violin would be a fun experience. At the time I was unaware how committed I would be to the violin, my impulsive 8 year old self was simply intrigued with stringed instruments. 10 years later, I own my very own violin and continue to improve my music skills. Why I have continued to play through all these years sometimes baffles me; What are the benefits of playing a musical instrument? Everyone should learn how to play a musical instrument. Lutz Jancke, a psychologist at the University of Zurich, states: Learning to play a musical instrument has definite benefits and can increase IQ by seven points, in both children and adults.† Even when simply beginning to learn how to play an instrument, there is a significant difference in brain improvement. Jancke continues: We found that even in people over the age of 65 after four or five months of playing a instrument for an hour a week there were strong changes in the brain.† Findings from the Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry show that learning a musical instrument reduces feelings of anxiety, expressing emotions, and gives better attention skills to children. There is physical evidence that learning an instrument alters brain development,Show MoreRelatedMusical Instruments Speech1284 Words   |  6 PagesTio The Four Benefits of Playing Musical Instruments The Chinese philosopher Confucius said long ago that â€Å"Music produces a kind of pleasure which human nature cannot do without.† Being able to play any musical instrument is extremely satisfying. This includes everyone from the person who has mastered her instrument right down to the beginner who knows only a few chords. I personally believe that if theres one thing you should learn in your lifetime, its how to play an instrument. Learning toRead MoreCorrelation Between Music and IQ in Children Essay631 Words   |  3 Pages1. Introduction This project investigates the effect which the playing of a musical instrument – namely the drums – has on one’s intelligence and academic ability. A search of the literature reveals that studies of this kind have been conducted by other researchers in many parts of the world and has led to the conclusion that music is an extremely healthy activity to be involved in. A study conducted on school children in America concluded that children who took voice or piano lessons had higherRead MoreMusic And Sports : How They Affect Academic Achievement1130 Words   |  5 Pagesaffect academic achievement. Playing music can help with coordination, motor skills; it can also help develop ambidexterity. The timing and coordination a musician learns can even ameliorate sports. In sports, the student is usually participating. To reap the benefits of music, the student must be actively participating, not just watching. Music affects academic achievement more than sports. Sports affects a student’s life in school and gives them educational benefits. Teens who participate in sportsRead MoreMusical Instrument Benefit An Individual1593 Words   |  7 PagesLearning to play any musical instrument benefits an individual in all aspects of life, whether it s academically, socially, physically, or emotionally. Instruments that were created to make musical sounds are categorized into five main groups; strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, and keyboards. And all it takes is dedication and admiration in order to successfully learn how to play an instrument. I believe that musicians, those who have musical ability, have an advantage over other individualsRead MoreMusic Education And Its Effect On Education1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout his entire life, thus it should not be cast aside and neglected as it often is in the public school system today, but instead schools should do just the opposite; treat music education as a priority. The evidence makes clear the benefits of playing a musical instrument on students’ abilities to perform academically. For example, the Harmony Project is an after- school program that provides music lessons to children from underprivileged neighborhoods of California. Ninety-three percent of seniorsRead MoreMusical Training Is Not A Foreign Activity Too Many People974 Words   |  4 Pages Musical training is not a foreign activity too many people. It has been around for centuries and is done all around the world. Playing an instrument is not limited to being done in one place; it can be achieved in a variety of settings, such as in a room, on a stage and outside. Before technology allowed people to listen to music at anytime and anywhere, people had to attend live performance to hear music. (Oppenheimer) According to archaeologist the first known instrument is the flute. It was madeRead MoreThe Incredible Instrument That is The Saxophone Essays847 Words   |  4 Pagessaxop hone, some items that come to mind are jazz music, golden metal, and Kenny G. The saxophone consists of these, but it is also so much more. Playing the saxophone is a great experience that everyone should try. Although playing the saxophone may take some money and time, it is a great investment because it is a unique instrument with many benefits. There are many different kinds of saxophones, but only a few are commonly used. The most common ones include the alto, baritone, tenor and sopranoRead MoreMusic s Effect On The Brain1027 Words   |  5 PagesMatino English 10H 4-21-15 Music’s Effect on the Brain The effect of music on the human brain may have much stronger powers than one might think. Music can directly improve brain functioning depending on the musical genre. Some studies show, music whether listening or playing, is able to improve the ability to process speech, evoke different emotions, stifle sound when concentrating, and help heal ill patients with cancer or memory disorders (Gholipour). Thats not all, also music can boostRead MoreMusic And Its Effect On Education888 Words   |  4 Pagesmemorization tools, and brain breaks. Playing a song or saying a chant for transitions between lessons or cleanup will maintain the transitions flow smoothly and assist students to identify different parts of the day. When using music to transition in the classroom, its best to state guidelines such as, clean up should be done before the song ends, singing shouldn’t be louder than the music, and mild dancing is encouraged. Help control a classroom environment Playing or singing a welcome song when studentsRead MoreHow Music Affects The Brain And People s Emotions1023 Words   |  5 Pagesthe brain and people s emotions. Although this is a complex issue, my passion has always involved music and an interest in how it affects how people react and think. I play the violin, and from personal experience I have noticed that when I am playing I have an emotional connection to the piece, whether it is sad, happy, or even upsetting. I have also noticed that the audience has an emotional impact based on what was performed. I plan to research scientific journals that record information and

Privacy Security And Trust Cloud Computing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Privacy Security And Trust Cloud Computing? Answer: Introduction This paper presents an IT Risk Assessment for the intended migration of the Azteks business-critical applications and data to an external Cloud hosting solution. Aztek operates in the Australian Financial Services sector. The sensitive of data held by a financial institution necessitates that a thorough risk assessment be carried out, followed by development of risk management plans. Aztek being a financial service provider is under the regulation of the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA). APRA considers cloud computing as a form of outsourcing, and requires that all organizations that fall under it to conform to set rules and regulations that govern outsourcing. One of the requirements for APRA regulated institutions is a mandatory risk assessment and documentation before outsourcing any of their operations. Before moving any operations to the cloud, the company has to carry out adequate assessments, to identify if such a move will go against any of the laws governing the operations of a financial institution. This is because the institution is also bound by Australias Privacy Act, which puts strict regulations on collection and handling of personal and sensitive information. With all these regulations to be complied with, this paper identifies the risks associated with migrating data processing and storage to a third party, in this case migrating to the cloud. The goal is to identify risks associated with cloud computing, and specifically as they apply to the case of Aztek. A review of the project with respect to the Financial Services sector laws and regulations This project intends to migrate business-critical applications and their associated data sources to an external Cloud hosting solution. As the company operates in the Financial Service sector, the project must first through various tests to ascertain if it conforms with set laws, and industry regulations. The project has to comply with a number of personal data protection laws and regulations. One particular legal regulation that the project has to comply with is Australias Privacy Act and its enhanced version; The Privacy Amendment (Enhancing Privacy Protection) Act 2012. The Act outlines thirteen key Australian Privacy Principles (APPS). The Australian Privacy Act primarily regulates the collection and handling of personal information of individuals (Khoury, 2017). According to the Privacy Act, personal information is defined as any information can identifies an individual directly or can be used to reveal the identity of the individual with some analysis (Khoury, 2017). The Act classifies some personal information as being sensitive; this includes; information about an individuals health, genetics information, race, financial information such as credit rating, religion, philosophical or political beliefs and affiliations, race and ethnicity among many more (Khoury, 2017). Before migrating to the cloud, Aztek has to provide certainty that the privacy of such information is not compromised in anyway. With regards to the industrys regulations and compliance, Azteks cloud migration project has to comply with the guidelines given by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA). APRA understands that while cloud-computing brings substantial benefits to enterprises, such as ease of scalability, increased agility and economics of scale, adopting cloud computing exposes a financial service provide to the inherent information systems risks; thereby necessitating a greater degree of supervisory interest and caution (Khoury, 2017). Despite the risks, APRA has put measures that enable entities controlled by it also referred a Registrable Superannuation Entity (RSE) , such as Aztek to adopt cloud computing, by outlining prudent practices, which have to be put in place before adopting the technology (Ramsay, 2015). The need to give guidance to the industry has seen APRA pass a number of regulations that relates to outsourcing of services for RSE licensees. In November of the year 2012, APRA published the Prudential Standard SPS 231 which was followed up by the passing of the Prudential Standard CPS 231 in August 2014. The published standards obligate an entity like Aztek to carry out thorough due diligence, approval and continuous monitoring of any arrangements relating to outsourcing of services (Ramsay, 2015). The standards also require that an enterprise must identify risks and means of managing them, to ensure that an institution is able to meet its obligations to its beneficiaries. One requirement for an APRA-regulated entity is that it can only uptake outsourcing - and by extension cloud computing - after evaluating and understanding the risks associated with the move, and putting in place adequate measures to mitigate or manage the risks (Ramsay, 2015). Other measures that need to be put in place include; An entity has to demonstrate the ability to continue with normal operations even when accesses to cloud services are interrupted for one reason or another. Demonstrate that even with a migration to the cloud or outsourcing, an entity still maintains the level of quality of services and security of sensitive data and information. Demonstrate that such a move will not go against any legislative and prudential requirement (Ramsay, 2015). And that such a move does not introduce any technical, contractual or jurisdictional issues which may inhibit APRAs ability to carry out its regulatory duties. The Projects impact on the current security posture of Aztec Migrating to the cloud will certainly have great impacts on Aztecs current security posture. Currently the company has all its IT functions locally hosted, and has all controls over storage, processing and transmission of its data. Migrating to the cloud will shift the control to a third party. This may, to some extent impact the companys security posture. With the assumption that the company is currently at the highest level of security maturity model, otherwise called the Visionary level, migrating to the cloud will impact the organization in some ways. Appropriate mitigation strategies will therefore be required to return the organization to the highest level. At the Visionary level of the security maturity model, an organization is characterized by the fact that decisions are made from the perspective of a critical applications in the data center. Each and every stakeholder within the operating, including the application team, network operation team and the security teams know the requirements of the business and the implications security has on the business. In addition to that, the teams are well aligned using automated and streamlined business processes. Migrating mission critical and data to the cloud will affect the security posture of the organization as they do not have direct control over data, connectivity and security. The main areas that will be affected include; Faster security provisioning of data center applications At this level of security maturity model, an organization is characterized by its ability to quickly and securely enable mission critical applications to have connectivity, with the aim of ensuring maximum server availability and delivery. Organizations have the capability to accelerate and simplify changes in policy enabling the security to be in sync with the changing business platform (Gottschalk, 2006). Migrating to the cloud will affect this aspect as security controls are all in the control of the cloud provider. Firewalls rules are largely controlled by the provider, hindering the company from enabling automatic translation of application connectivity requirements into appropriate firewall rules and accelerating policy changes (Gottschalk, 2006). Mitigating this possible scenario would require the security teams at Aztek and the teams at the cloud service provider to work together to facilitate the necessary changes, while ensuring that such changes do not affect the security of other clients hosted on the same platform. Aligning of the Application, security and operations teams At the Visionary level of the security maturity model, an organization like Aztek has all the major teams aligned and have a unified view an approach to security policy management, which is primarily application-centric. The approach is accommodative of all the players, enabling them work in harmony pushing towards a single goal (Gottschalk, 2006). With the intended migration to the cloud, a number of pillars are removed from the unified stand of the current security posture. This is because the applications are moved to the cloud and security is shifted from the organizations team to the cloud environment. While the operations and applications teams experiences no significant changes, the security team is left without much control, thus the alignment is distorted as security controls shifts to the cloud. Mitigating the likely fall of the alignment that helps an organization remain at the highest level of the security maturity model would necessitate the IT security team to focus on maintaining security relating to the use of the applications and not necessary the full control they had with an in-house data center. This will maintain the alignment of the team and their focus on application-centric security policy management, even when full control has been taken by a third-party. Assessment Model: STRIDE MODEL For purposes of risk assessment the STRIDE threat model will be used. Developed by Microsoft, STRIDE can be defined as a classification scheme for categorizing known security threats (Albakri et. Al., 2014). The model classifies the threats from the viewpoint of an attacker primarily focusing on what motivates an attacker and the exploits used in attacks (Shostack, 2014). The model focuses on six fundamental areas of security, Spoofing Identity, Tampering with Data, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, Denial of Service and Elevation of Privilege (Shostack, 2014). Spoofing identity: Illegal access and use of authentication information of another user such as passwords and usernames (Shostack, 2014). Tampering with data: entails modification of data maliciously either when the data is on transit over the internet or in storages such as data held in databases (Shostack, 2014). Repudiation: Threats that come about by the inability to prove that a given user performed a certain illegal action on the system. With repudiation, a user may perform an illegal action and deny ever doing it, while the other party may have no means of proving that the user performed the action (Shostack, 2014). Information disclosure: this category of threat involves unauthorized information exposure to unauthorized individuals; such as the ability of an intruder to access and read data being transmitter over the internet (Shostack, 2014). Denial of service: involves denying service access to valid users; affects the reliability and availability of the service or system. Elevation of privilege: having privileged access to the entire system by unprivileged user; this may occur when a hacker penetrates the defenses of a system and accesses the system as a trusted system or user (Shostack, 2014). With the guidance of the STRIDE model, the following risks were identified and classified as critical to the project of migrating data and mission-critical systems to the cloud; Data breaches Cloud environment faces similar threats as those facing convectional corporate networks. However, the huge amount of data stored on cloud servers acts as a motivating factor and attraction for attackers (CSA, 2016). Severity of this risk largely depends on the sensitivity of data. For the case of a financial institution like Aztek, a data breach would be extremely damaging. This risk has the potential of not only revealing personal information but also critical personal financial information, which may be used illegally leading to financial losses to the companys customers (CSA, 2016). Business Impacts to Aztek Data breaches that have occurred in the past have resulted in financial losses by the company affected due to fines, litigations and compensations to clients who may have lost money from the incidence (CSA, 2016). The resulting mandatory breach investigations are also costly increasing financial losses. Indirect effects may have long term effects to the company such as loss of business and brand damage. Although various cloud services providers invest heavily in deploying security controls for protecting their platforms, the ultimate responsibility is on the company to protect its data in the cloud. Compromised credentials and broken authentication The main cause of data breaches is laxity in authentication, poor management of certificates and keys and weak passwords (CSA, 2016). Identity management is a major issue to most organizations, as they face challenges in allocating permissions that coincide with the users roles in an organization. Critically, organizations tend to fail to remover user accounts when a user leaves the organization or their job roles changes. The threat of compromised credentials touches on both the cloud provider and the company deploying on the cloud (Chou, 2015). As such, Aztek has to vet the security measures deployed by the service provider for protecting the identity platform. While some cloud providers offers a centralized repository for identity management, such a service is risky as it may become a high value target (Chou, 2015). A third dimension of this risk relates to secure development of systems that are to be deployed on the cloud. If for example Azteks systems are vulnerable, then no matter the amount of protection offered by the cloud provider, such systems may easily be compromised. Developers may make a mistake of embedding cryptographic keys and credentials in the code, which can easily be recovered through reverse engineering of the code (Chou, 2015). As such, credentials and keys require that they are appropriately protected. Business Impacts Malicious attackers camouflaged as genuine users, developers or operators can snoop on data, read, modify and delete data and even assign access roles to malicious accounts. Consequently the risk of insufficient or compromised identity, key and credential manager can facilitate access to data by unauthorized users leading to damaging and catastrophic effects to the business. Insecure Interfaces and APIs Current cloud service providers offer application and service APIs and interfaces which are used by IT experts to interact and manage services on the cloud. The interfaces and APIs offer access to services such as cloud monitoring, orchestration, management and cloud provisioning (CSA, 2016). The security of the APIs play a critical role as cloud services availability and security from activity monitoring, encryption to access control and authentication. If weak APIs are provided by a cloud provider, they can expose an organization to a myriad of security vulnerabilities related to accountability, availability, integrity and confidentiality (Drissi, Houmani Medromi, 2013). This is primarily because a weakness on the APIs can easily be exploited as they are generally accessible from the internet; hence they are the most exposed part of a system. System Vulnerabilities These are bugs in software applications which be used as points of infiltration to a computer system, with the aim of disrupting operation of services, taking control of the system or stealing data (Drissi, Houmani Medromi, 2013). In a case where a service provider's operating system or its components have vulnerabilities, the security of all hosted applications and services is compromised. Although bugs have existed from the inception of computers, their exploitability has come of age with the widespread use of networks (CSA, 2016). Cloud computing raises the threat with its multi-tenancy nature, as one server can host numerous applications and databases creating an attractive attack surface for hackers. While damages from exploitation of vulnerabilities are substantial, the attacks can easily be mitigated by use of primary IT processes, such as prompt installation of security patches and upgrade of systems as well as periodic vulnerability assessments (CSA, 2016). Business Impacts Vulnerabilities on critical systems can have profound ramifications on the security of systems hosted on the cloud. But with most cloud providers away of this, measures to protect the systems are constantly updated. The cost of assessing and repairing vulnerabilities is minimal, by comparison to other IT processes. Account hijacking Although service hijacking is an old security threat, convectional and basic methods of attack such as fraud, phishing and vulnerabilities exploitation are still successful (Erturk Rajan, 2017). In an environment where stringent passwords and credential policies are not in place, users re-use the passwords over and over, enabling and amplifying the impact of such attacks (CSA, 2016). Cloud computing a new dimension to the threat; if attackers use phishing to get users credentials, they can access and modify data, manipulate transactions and eavesdrop on activities. Access to the cloud platform can give attackers a platform for launching attacks (CSA, 2016). Business Impacts Service and account hijacking resulting from stolen credentials is a major threat on the cloud. This is because access to cloud computing services is over the internet, meaning an attacker can easily access the services from anywhere. Such an attacker has access to data, information and services, thus compromising integrity, confidentiality and even steals data affecting the brand and reputation of companies hosted on the platform and the cloud provider as well. Malicious insiders Insider threat is one of the most difficult to control security aspect (CSA, 2016). This can be a former employee, a business partner, a contractor or even a current employee, with legitimate access to the system. Such an individual can misuse the access in a way that affects the availability of the information systems, as well as confidentiality and integrity of data hosted on the platform; mostly driven by an agenda to revenge or steal data (CSA, 2016). The danger with this risk is that it cannot be contained by convectional security measures such as encryption, since one can be a legitimate system user, with privileged access on the system. Advanced Persistent Threats Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are cyber attacks that take the form of a parasite, to infiltrate computer systems and establish a footing in an organizations IT infrastructure, from where they remit data and intellectual property to an attacker, without being noticed (CSA, 2016). This form of parasitic attack is very sophisticated as they are able to stealthily camouflage as legitimate processes, helping them adopt their operations to the set security measures put in place to defend the system (Chou, 2015). The main points of entry of APTs include delivery of attack code in a USB device, unsecured networks, and system hacking and spear phishing. Detecting and eliminating APTs are difficult, but proactive security measures can help in stopping them. This may include sensitizing system users on social engineering techniques commonly used to inject APTs into the systems. Permanent data loss The possibility of losing data permanently is very terrifying for a business and even an individual. On a cloud platform, besides malicious attacks, data can be deleted accidentally by the service provider, or in the worst case, an occurrence of a catastrophic event such as a fire or an earthquake (Chou, 2015). The problem can be more devastating if the cloud provider does not have an offsite backup. However, with maturity of the cloud computing services, incidences relating to permanent loss of data are extremely rare. This risk is properly handled by most cloud services providers by having distributed application and data centers across multiple geographical sites, which can even be on different continents (Chou, 2015). This is combined with measures and policies that ensure disaster recovery and business continuity. Although the risk is largely on the cloud provider to mitigate, an organization whose data are hosted on the cloud has the duty of excising caution as losing an encryption key on data that was encrypted and uploaded to the cloud would result in permanent loss of the data (Chou, 2015). Business Impacts Although very rare, a permanent loss of data would be detrimental to a financial services provider like Aztek. Data and information is the lifeblood of a Financial Services company and loosing data may result in financial losses, law suits and may result to failure to comply with regulatory policies, which stipulate how long an organization must retain certain data such as audit records. Insufficient Due Diligence Before embracing cloud computing, there is need to fully understand the environment and risks associated with it (Chou, 2015). An organization migrating to the cloud without understanding the many risks in compliance, legal, technical, economics and commercial risk that come with adopting a cloud based solution, exposes itself to failure (Brodkin, 2008). As such due diligence has to be applied when considering adopting cloud computing, which is key to understanding the risks associated with each cloud service. Business Impact Technically, an organization may face challenges when trying to deploy applications that were not designed by individuals unfamiliar with cloud computing technologies. Legal: cloud computing traverses international borders, and data held on a foreign location may subject an organization to regulatory redress (Paxton, 2016). Compliance: with cloud computing, internal security controls on data and network-level data privacy may be lost, rendering an organization non-compliant to some industry regulations Cloud service abuses Any security weakness on a cloud platform - especially cloud services such as SaaS, PaaS and IaaS - may expose the platform to malicious use (Chou, 2015). This may include of the cloud platform to launch attacks such as Denial of Service attacks and hosting of malicious websites. Owing to the fact that cloud computing provides access to superior computing platforms and higher processing power, the platforms can also be used to break encryption keys (CSA, 2016). Business Impacts Customers hosted on the same platform where malicious activities are running may have their services interrupted. An attack on a cloud provider makes them unable to provide required services thus affecting customers hosted on the platform (Paxton, 2016). This risk impacts the availability of services of companies hosted on the platform. Denial of Service Attacks Denial-of-service (DoS) and DDoS attacks inhibits user access to computing resources and services, by inducing intolerable system slowdown. The general nature of cloud computing is that a customer pays for services used (CSA, 2016). With this, an attack can be launched on an organization with the intention of increasing the bill that will be changed by the cloud service provider. This is a form of economic DoS, which acts in a way that increases resource consumption by a customer's applications, resulting in a huge bill - which a startup company may not be able to pay (CSA, 2016). Business Impacts DoS cause frustrations, and may lead to loss of business if customers access an organization's services online. Cloud billing is based on consumed resources such as disk space and compute cycles; a DoS may be launched without completely shutting the service, but with the intention of consuming more resources, which translates to a huge amount to be paid to the provider (Paxton, 2016). DoS attacks are also used to camouflage and facilitate other attacks; as security teams concentrate on DoS resolution, more severe attacks take place unnoticed. Shared Technology Vulnerabilities A cloud platform facilitates scalability of services by utilizing multi-tenancy approach, where applications, platforms and infrastructure are shared (CSA, 2016). Sometimes underlying hardware components such as GPUs and CPUs may not be capable of offering strong isolation properties for a shared platform. This may result in exploitable shared technology vulnerabilities (CSA, 2016). An attacker may access data being processed by a CPU. Such vulnerabilities in shared technology pose substantial risks to cloud computing (Erturk Rajan, 2017). Business Impacts Any compromise of any part of the shared technology such as a shared application, platform or hypervisor results in a system-wide compromise, exposing the entire computing environment (Pearson, 2013). Such a compromise may result in data breach. This risk is particularly dangerous as it can affect all customers hosted on a given cloud. Data Security In terms data security, a migration to a cloud platform will mean that data including critical and personal information, leaves the corporate network to a third-party platform (Erturk Rajan, 2017). The cloud provider may provide more advanced data protection measures than even in-house data centers, but the main issues arises with data being transmitted over the internet. Conventionally, with an in-house data center, data flows from the staffs workstations to the servers over a secure local area network. With the adoption of cloud computing, data will have to be sent to an external location. Most cloud computing service providers facilitates establishment of secure modes of accessing data, such as us of private virtual networks (VPN), ensuring data security even when it leaves the boundaries of an organization. VPNs therefore provides a means of mitigating security threats inherent on the internet, that would otherwise expose the organizations data as it flows from users to the storage location in the cloud (Erturk Rajan, 2017). A second major threat to data on transit is the hijacking of data, when attackers are able to compromise the VPN. This is a major risk considering the fact that personal, and especially personal financial data will be flowing from the organizations network to the cloud service provider. Information hijacked while on transit would have a huge negative ramification on the company. To mitigate this risk, most cloud service providers and cloud service customers have to use secure encryption and key management policies while transmitting data. With a secure encryption scheme, even in the event that data is hijacked, information contained in such data cannot be revealed to the attackers. Conclusion This paper has outlined risks associated with migrating to a cloud service platform. While cloud-computing brings substantial benefits to enterprises, such as ease of scalability, increased agility and economics of scale, adopting cloud computing exposes a financial service provide to the inherent information systems risks; thereby necessitating a greater degree of supervisory interest and caution. Aztek being a financial service provider is under the regulation of the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA). The institution is also bound by Australias Privacy Act, which puts strict regulations on collection and handling of personal and sensitive information. The standards obligate an entity like Aztek to carry out thorough due diligence, approvals and continuous monitoring of any arrangements relating to outsourcing of services. It also obligates an enterprise to identify risks and means of managing them, to ensure that such an institution is able to meet its obligations t o its beneficiaries. Migrating to the cloud will certainly have great impacts on Aztecs current security posture. For purposes of risk assessment the STRIDE threat model was used. The main risks identified include; Data breaches, vulnerabilities on systems, Insecure Interfaces and APIs, Malicious insiders, Denial of Service Attacks, Shared Technology Vulnerabilities, Advanced Persistent Threats and Data loss. The identified and classified security risks are critical especially for a financial institution. However, counter-measures available to mitigate risks, and the cost saving realized through deployment of applications on a cloud platform outweighs the risks. As such, an adoption of the cloud model is necessary and advisable. References Albakri, et Al. (2014). Security risk assessment framework for cloud computing environments.Security and Communication Networks,7(11), 2114-2124. Brodkin, J. (2008). Gartner: Seven cloud-computing security risks. accounting,2008, 1-3. Chou, D. C. (2015). Cloud computing risk and audit issues.Computer Standards Interfaces,42, 137-142. CSA Top Threats Working Group. (2016). The Treacherous 12: Cloud Computing Top Threats in 2016.Cloud Security Alliance (CSA), Feb. Ramsay, D. (2015). Legal risk what, why and how?.Governance Directions,67(2), 90. Drissi, S., Houmani, H., Medromi, H. (2013). Survey: Risk assessment for cloudcomputing.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,4(12), 2013. Erturk, E., Rajan, A. (2017). Web Vulnerability Scanners: A Case Study.arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.08017. Gottschalk, P., Solli-Sther, H. (2006). Maturity model for IT outsourcing relationships.Industrial Management Data Systems,106(2), 200-212. Khoury, F. (2017). Expanded risk management requirements for responsible entities.Governance Directions,69(8), 484. Latif, R., Abbas, H., Assar, S., Ali, Q. (2014). Cloud computing risk assessment: a systematic literature review. InFuture Information Technology(pp. 285-295). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Pearson, S. (2013). Privacy, security and trust in cloud computing. In psychology and Security for Cloud Computing(pp. 3-42). Springer London. Paxton, N. C. (2016, November). Cloud security: a review of current issues and proposed solutions. InCollaboration and Internet Computing (CIC), 2016 IEEE 2nd International Conference on(pp. 452-455). IEEE. Shostack, A. (2014).Threat modeling: Designing for security. John

Essay Topics For Grade 8

Essay Topics For Grade 8Finding good essay topics for grades 8 is a serious matter. Students who choose poorly may find themselves in high school for a decade or more, worrying that the grades are not on par with their very best efforts. This article will provide an overview of the topics that students should choose for their essays.The first step in selecting essay topics for grades 8 is to take an objective look at their writing skills. Students should be able to express themselves clearly and accurately when they are trying to present an idea or argument. For example, students need to be able to write about homework, art, music, sports, history, and the arts. These are the subjects that are written about in high school every day and can be very well explored using the essay topic format.Another point to keep in mind is that essay topics for grade 8 should be chosen based on the student's interest. Some students like to write about sports, others love history, others read poetry. S ome may be interested in poetry but only read it for inspiration. The same goes for the subjects discussed. Although some students enjoy writing about such subjects, others may be interested in them but do not have any interest in the subject.Once all of this is decided, students can begin to research what they want to write about. A good starting point is to research a topic that interests the student. After researching, they can begin to work on their topic by writing an outline.One of the biggest problems that most students have in writing essay topics for grades 8 is that they do not have an outline. Most teachers will make a student complete several drafts before they allow them to proceed to the next level of the essay. A good outline can help students go from one draft to the next much easier. Here are a few tips to help students create an outline.First, students should list the main ideas, supporting ideas, as well as their arguments for each idea. The outline should contain everything necessary to support the main ideas that the student wants to present. If the idea is controversial, the outline should also include a rationale to support why it is controversial.Second, students should list the supporting ideas and arguments that make up their own ideas. Students can include points that support each idea, but they should also include points that support the opposing view. Students should keep their ideas and points in relation to each other.Finally, the outline should highlight how each topic fits together to form a good essay topics for grade 8. Students should think about the theme, the main ideas, and the supporting ideas and arguments. They should also think about how the topic can be made more interesting through creative and original thinking. They should make sure that they do not forget any of the information or details that they want to include.